Issues in Youth Offending Sentencing

Issues in offspring offend Sentencing sectionalisation B Fundamental principles/ important sentencing InstructionsWe be indistinct whether to treat new offenders as children requiring help and guidance or as morally responsible agents who deserve to be punished (metal behaveer, 2005). Finding the equilibrate between the cardinal whitethorn be the answer. Many some(prenominal)(predicate) jurisdictions work different procedure for dealing with juveniles then adults. These typically include deviate some young offenders from criminal arbitrator process, a juvenile or younker court, and scope for this court to prescribe training, education, counselling, supervision, medication, and restoration, either instead of penalisation or in addition to it (Smith, 2005). The governing principle for sentencing go away be (rehabilitation). This means e genuinely possible avenue give be explored originally giving a young somebody a custodial sentence. In ensuring this remains at the f orefront of sentencing judges should use this outline when sentencing a young person. Although Rehabilitation is the main focus of this young notwithstandingice system, themeability, (Add something more(prenominal) here) .. are also important factors in sentencing. In accordance with the suggestions from Smith (2005) this outline of sentencing principles and instructions set out for police officers, prosecutors and courts for sentencing jejuneness in accordance with the Rehabilitation main principle.Mental wellness and victim jounce statementsIn all grimaces involving offspring a mental health discernment must be do because youth in the juvenile jurist system experience substantially higher rates of mental health dis commits than youth in the general population a high dowery of youth in the juvenile justice system have a diagnosable mental health dis holy order it is safe to estimate that at least bingle out of every five youth in the juvenile justice system has serious mental health problems and some of the youth in the juvenile justice system with mental disorder also have a co-occurring substance abuse disorder. (Cocozza Skowyra, 2000). This comes about(predicate) subsequently the Ashley Smith cause, a teenage girl who killed herself while in manacles while guards watched (Advocate, 2008). Also a victim reach statement, if provided get out be looked at and considered when sentencing a youth take the use of duranceReduce the number of custodial sentences. The youth justice system should reserve its around serious interventions for the or so serious crimes (Barnhorst, 2004). Canadian laws have always allowed, or encouraged, discretion in answers by police and other to offending (Doob Sprott, 2004). This beingness said police officers and judges, and prosecutors will have the desertion to divert a young person out of the system and use an informal way. law of nature and prosecutors will have the take noteing options when dealing w ith a young person Taking no further action, informal warnings, cautions, and referrals to a community computer program or agency, and superfluousjudicial sanctions (Barnhorst, 2004). Extra judicial measures should be used if they are adequate to hold the youth accountable for his/her offending behaviour and may be used if a youth has previously been dealt with by extra judicial measure or has previously been found guilty of an discourtesy (Barnhorst, 2004). First age non-violent offenders should be held accountable outside of the youth court. (Barnhorst, 2004). obligationHold the youth accountable for their actions. A sentence should hold the youth accountable for their actions in the least encroaching(a) way possible (Smith, 2005). In England there has been a shift over the past 15 geezerhood towards a new emphasis on an efficient and prompt response to youth offending (Smith, 2005). Youth should have their hearing/trial/sentences make within a reasonable amount of time in order to hold them accountable for their actions (Smith, 2005). To hold a youth accountable in a fair way for the offence he/she commit, courts should impose just sanctions that will hold the youth accountable and have meaningful consequences and measures that will promote the rehabilitation and reintegration of the youth into ball club (Barnhorst, 2004).SentencingFor many sentences we suggest that pop type programs be used instead of incarceration. The programs found to be most successful are those that directly address behaviour problems, exploitation companionable learning approaches, teaching social and interpersonal skills as well as helping young people to perceive and think about their accept and other peoples behaviour in a different way (Smith, 2005). Interventions with offenders in the community tend to have greater effect than those with offenders in institutions these findings firmly establish that working with young people, especially using cognitive behavioural approaches based on social learning theory, give the axe change their behaviour (Smith, 2005). There is a program in Lanark County in which youth who are facing barriers to business gage participate in this 6 month program thats runs 5 days a week from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. This program called Skills Link sets youth in the community offering training in many different areas of employment barriers, they youth are giving employable skills and are also disposed an allowance equal to the province minimum wage when they participate ( locomote, 2014). A program such as this could help a youth who has committed a crime because of not being able to provide for themselves or their family and resort to theft or some kind of measure same(p) that.The maximum sentence that can be imposed for a youth is 3 years. This sentence should be used only in natural violent cases such as violent assault, sexual assault, murder, homicide etc. No youth should be sentenced as an adult in any circumstance. O n top of a custodial sentence a judge may issue a probation period of no longer than 2 years. Should a youth become an adult while in custody the courts should re-visit the case and consider the youth and what he/she has do since being sentenced and determine if the young adult should continue their sentence in a minimum security measure setting within the adult system.Overall judges should take into account all factors and have discretion when sentencing youth within the guidelines outlined above.Part C Case Studies CASE 2Peter and magic are angry at another student (Todd) for ratting on them about smoking weed on school property. They decide to get plane with him and wait in a stairwell for him that is adjacent to his locker. When he arrives they punch him several times, when he falls to the ground, Peter kicks Todd three times in the face, open frame his nose. tin steals his IPod which had fallen to the ground during the fight. The principle hears the commotion the youths a re caught and the police called. The boys are 15.In this case the police should refer Peter and deception to a program for drug use, anger management and counselling. Todd should also be giving the option for counselling should this have a large mend on his schooling and/or life. Todd should write a victim fix statement for Peter and John to read and understand how this has affected Todd. John should have to pay/replace/give back the IPod that he stole. at one time the boys have completed the programs/referrals the police should drop the charges completely.Should this be something Peter and John have a history of fighting/stealing more invasive measure should be used. This could include probation for a year with set hobble in dates and times with a youth counsellor/ probation officer. In this case a mental health sagaciousness would be done and the programs the youth attend would reflect what was found in the mental health assessment (i.e. address underlying issues of their be haviours). This method should only be used if the two boys have a lengthy history of fighting/ stealing.Case 4A young male ( give chase Webren), 17 years of age, attempts to rob a convenience pedigree with three of his friends. During the robbery, the 50 year-old owner of the store emerges from the computer storage room with a baseball bat and begins to beat one of wharfages friends. curtsey comes to the rescue of his friend and, during a struggle, stabs the owner in the stomach. The four young adults then flee the scene with $400.00 in cash. The store owner later dies in hospital from his wounds. wharf is eventually supercharged with armed robbery and second degree murder. During his trial, it is disclosed that Bob comes from a very poor family and is currently living on social assistance. He has no previous criminal record. School transcripts reveal that he had been insideng very well in school until he was kicked out of his mothers home and started to hang out with the wron g crowd. He argues that he only recently began to engage in robbery in order to provide financial support for his 13 month-old son that he fathered as a result of a common-law relationship. Bobs sub judice aid attorney ask that these factors be considered during sentencing.In this case Bob the judge should consider the circumstances that lead Bob to the crime he committed. Also a mental health assessment would be done in order to assess the different areas in which Bob require help. The store owners family should write a victim impact statement so Bob understand the extent of the choices he made and how those choices affected others.The maximum sentence that should be giving is 2 years in jail and 1 year of probation. While in custody Bob should be allowed to see his family and work. A program like Skills Link, mentioned above, would be beneficial to Bob and could lead to a job when he ruined his sentence. Other programs may be useful as well and can be decided by court staff at t he time of sentencing, based on the mental health assessment, the level of crime and the remorse shown as well as the specific conditions in which Bob finds himself.If Bob has good behaviour and does the required programs he could serve 9 months one year and the rest of the time on probation. Counselling should be offered to Bob in order to discuss underlying issues and the outcome of his sentence and/or court procedures. If Bob serves his whole sentence then he will spend 1 year with a youth worker who will check in with him. Unlike probation Bob would not have to follow any specific guidelines, but the worker would be available to work with Bob should he have any issues while transitioning back into the society he committed the crime in. Should after the year/ when Bob becomes an adult, he could be transferred, at his request or by the request of his youth worker get a adult worker or outreach kernel he could go should some new issue arise.Works CitedAdvocate, O. a. (2008). Ash ley Smiths A report of the New Brusnwick Ombudsman and Child and Youth Advocate on the operate provided to a youth involved in the youth criminal justice system. Fredericton, New Brusnwick Office of the Ombudsman Child and Youth Advocate. Retrieved from https//www.gnb.ca/0073/PDF/AshleySmith-e.pdfBarnhorst, R. (2004, April). The Youth Criminal justice Act New Directions and Implementation Issues. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal evaluator, 231-250.Doob, A. N., Sprott, J. B. (2004). Youth Justice in Canada. In M. Tonry, A. N. Doob, Youth Crime and Youth Justice Comparative and Cross National Perspectives (pp. 185-239). Chicago University of Chicago Press.Falls, T. o. (2014). Skills Link. Retrieved from Sensational Smiths Falls Heart of the Rideau Canal http//www.smithsfalls.ca/skills-link.cfmSmith, D. J. (2005). The effectiveness of the juvenile justice system. Criminal Justice, 5(2), 181-195. doi10.1177/1466802505053497