Pcr And Its Use :: essays research papers

PCR And Its usageOften times, scientists only have a bantam amount of deoxyribonucleic acid to deal with when doinggenetic research or studies. In these situations, scientists can do cardinal ofseveral things. One is to just try to work with it anyway, hardly this is nearlyimpossible (depending on how much there is). Ther are a couple other processesthey can use, or they can use PCR. PCR is one of the more complicated, butreliable ways to do tests on desoxyribonucleic acid when they only have a small amount to beginwith. PCR, or Polymearse Chain Reaction, is the scientific process used bygenetic scientists to toller DNA."A rapid diagnostic technique used in the clinical microbiology lab to distinguishpathogens. It relies upon amplification technology utilizingthe heat stable DNApolymerase from a thermophilic organism." (fromhttp//www.genes.com/pcr/pcrinfo.html) Dr. K.Mullis tardily received the Nobelprize for inventing the technique.This is how they go about doing th is They first get their small DNA sample. thus they mix all the chemicals (this includes the primer, etc). Then they haveto sour it through the PCR machine. Here is a (rather detailed) description ofthe process "The cycling communications protocol consisted of 25-30 cycles of three-temperatures strand denaturation at 95degC, primer annealing at 55degC, andprimer character reference at 72deg C, typically 30 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 secondsfor the DNA caloric Cycler and 4 seconds, 10 seconds, and 60 seconds for theThermal Cycler 9600, respectively."Basically, that means that they set it to certain(a) temperatures, then put it indifferent cyles for different amounts of time. PCR machines can be comparedwith wash drawing machines. There are the different temperatures (here for example,there is 72degC, where in the washing machine you would set it to cold/coldrespectively.For it to properly replicate, we must go to sleep how to match each of the followingA T G A T A T G G C A G C A A C G A C C A T Athe match would beT A C T A T A C C G T C C T T G C T G T A TThe whole process is pretty much summed up uniform this They heat up the DNA tolet the enzymes break it down (or unzip its bonds). Then kick in specific amountsof the primer (relative to the amount of DNA you have. Then you add the enzymeto sets of 4 nuclotides that will go through the genetic sequence of nucleotidesand pull off up the matching nucleotide (A goes to T and G to C etc).